diff --git a/src/spring.luau b/src/spring.luau
index ae77f67..bcd5789 100644
--- a/src/spring.luau
+++ b/src/spring.luau
@@ -30,7 +30,16 @@ local update_descendants = graph.update_descendants
 local push_child_to_scope = graph.push_child_to_scope
 
 local UPDATE_RATE = 120
-local TOLERANCE = vector.create(0.001, 0.001, 0.001)
+local TOLERANCE = 0.001
+local TOLERANCE_VECTOR = vector.create(TOLERANCE, TOLERANCE, TOLERANCE)
+
+type Vec3 = Vector3
+
+local function Vec3(x: number, y: number, z: number): Vec3
+    return vector.create(x, y, z)
+end
+
+local ZERO = Vec3(0, 0, 0)
 
 type Animatable = number | CFrame | Color3 | UDim | UDim2 | Vector2 | Vector3
 
@@ -39,53 +48,53 @@ type SpringData<T> = {
     c: number, -- damping coeff
 
     -- dimensions 1-3
-    x0_123: Vector3,
-    x1_123: Vector3,
-    v_123: Vector3,
+    x0_123: Vec3,
+    x1_123: Vec3,
+    v_123: Vec3,
 
     -- dimensions 4-6
-    x0_456: Vector3,
-    x1_456: Vector3,
-    v_456: Vector3,
+    x0_456: Vec3,
+    x1_456: Vec3,
+    v_456: Vec3,
 
     source_value: T -- current value of spring input source
 }
 
-type TypeToVec6<T> = (T) -> (Vector3, Vector3)
-type Vec6ToType<T> = (Vector3, Vector3) -> T
+type TypeToVec6<T> = (T) -> (Vec3, Vec3)
+type Vec6ToType<T> = (Vec3, Vec3) -> T
 
 local type_to_vec6 = {
     number = function(v)
-        return Vector3.new(v, 0, 0), Vector3.zero
+        return Vec3(v, 0, 0), ZERO
     end :: TypeToVec6<number>,
 
     CFrame = function(v)
-        return v.Position, Vector3.new(v:ToEulerAnglesXYZ())
+        return v.Position, Vec3(v:ToEulerAnglesXYZ())
     end :: TypeToVec6<CFrame>,
 
     Color3 = function(v)
         -- todo: hsv, oklab?
-        return Vector3.new(v.R, v.G, v.B), Vector3.zero
+        return Vec3(v.R, v.G, v.B), ZERO
     end :: TypeToVec6<Color3>,
 
     UDim = function(v)
-        return Vector3.new(v.Scale, v.Offset, 0), Vector3.zero
+        return Vec3(v.Scale, v.Offset, 0), ZERO
     end :: TypeToVec6<UDim>,
     
     UDim2 = function(v)
-        return Vector3.new(v.X.Scale, v.X.Offset, v.Y.Scale), Vector3.new(v.Y.Offset, 0, 0)
+        return Vec3(v.X.Scale, v.X.Offset, v.Y.Scale), Vec3(v.Y.Offset, 0, 0)
     end :: TypeToVec6<UDim2>,
 
     Vector2 = function(v)
-        return Vector3.new(v.X, v.Y, 0), Vector3.zero
+        return Vec3(v.X, v.Y, 0), ZERO
     end :: TypeToVec6<Vector2>,
 
     Vector3 = function(v)
-        return v, Vector3.zero
+        return v, ZERO
     end :: TypeToVec6<Vector3>,
 
     Rect = function(v)
-        return Vector3.new(v.Min.X, v.Min.Y, v.Max.X), Vector3.new(v.Max.Y, 0, 0)
+        return Vec3(v.Min.X, v.Min.Y, v.Max.X), Vec3(v.Max.Y, 0, 0)
     end :: TypeToVec6<Rect>
 }
 
@@ -159,13 +168,13 @@ local function spring<T>(source: () -> T, period: number?, damping_ratio: number
         k = k,
         c = c,
 
-        x0_123 = Vector3.zero,
-        x1_123 = Vector3.zero,
-        v_123 = Vector3.zero,
+        x0_123 = ZERO,
+        x1_123 = ZERO,
+        v_123 = ZERO,
 
-        x0_456 = Vector3.zero,
-        x1_456 = Vector3.zero,
-        v_456 = Vector3.zero,
+        x0_456 = ZERO,
+        x1_456 = ZERO,
+        v_456 = ZERO,
 
         source_value = false :: any,
     }
@@ -197,12 +206,12 @@ local function spring<T>(source: () -> T, period: number?, damping_ratio: number
         end
 
         -- set current position to value
-        local v: T = ... :: any
+        local v = ... :: T
         data.x0_123, data.x0_456 = type_to_vec6[typeof(v)](v)
 
         -- reset velocity
-        data.v_123 = Vector3.zero
-        data.v_456 = Vector3.zero
+        data.v_123 = ZERO
+        data.v_456 = ZERO
 
         -- schedule spring
         springs[data] = output
@@ -266,10 +275,10 @@ local function update_spring_sources()
             vector.abs(x0_456 - x1_456 :: any),
             vector.abs(v_123 :: any),
             vector.abs(v_456 :: any),
-            TOLERANCE
+            TOLERANCE_VECTOR
         )
 
-        if max_difference == TOLERANCE then
+        if max_difference == TOLERANCE_VECTOR then
             -- close enough to target, unshedule spring and set value to target
             table.insert(remove_queue, data)
             output.cache = data.source_value