diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 6200484..4170b6a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/).
 
 - `branch()` is now allowed to be used within a reactive scope.
 
+### Deprecated
+
+- `create()` overloads. Supported is now only `create(class)(props)`.
+
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 ## [0.4.0] - 2026-01-17
diff --git a/src/create.luau b/src/create.luau
index 3540555..db33663 100644
--- a/src/create.luau
+++ b/src/create.luau
@@ -5,11 +5,10 @@ local defaults = require "./defaults"
 local apply = require "./apply"
 local flags = require "./flags"
 
-local ctor_cache = {} :: { [string]: (AnyProps) -> Instance }
-local function lazy_init(_, class: string)
-    local function ctor(properties: AnyProps): Instance
+local function create_constructor_for_class(class: string): ({ [unknown]: unknown }) -> Instance
+    local function constructor(properties: { [unknown]: unknown }): Instance
         local ok, instance: Instance = pcall(Instance.new, class :: any)
-        if not ok then error(`invalid class name { class }`, 0) end
+        if not ok then error(`invalid class name {class}`, 0) end
 
         if flags.defaults then
             local default: { [string]: unknown }? = defaults[class]
@@ -23,28 +22,34 @@ local function lazy_init(_, class: string)
         return apply(instance, properties)
     end
 
-    ctor_cache[class] = ctor
-    return ctor
+    return constructor
 end
-setmetatable(ctor_cache, { __index = lazy_init })
+
+local constructor_cache = {} :: { [string]: ({ [unknown]: unknown }) -> Instance }
 
 -- todo: remove support for different overloads
-local function create(class_or_instance: string|Instance, properties: AnyProps?): ((AnyProps) -> Instance) | Instance
+local function create(class_or_instance: string|Instance, properties: { [unknown]: unknown }?): unknown
     if type(class_or_instance) ~= "string" and typeof(class_or_instance) ~= "Instance" then
         error("bad argument #1, expected string or instance, got " .. typeof(class_or_instance), 0)
     end
 
-    local ctor = if type(class_or_instance) == "string"
-        then ctor_cache[class_or_instance]
-        else function(properties)
-            local clone = class_or_instance:Clone()
-            if not clone then error "attempt to clone a non-archivable instance" end
-            return apply(clone, properties)
+    local constructor: ({ [unknown]: unknown }) -> Instance
+    if type(class_or_instance) == "string" then
+        constructor = constructor_cache[class_or_instance]
+        if not constructor then
+            constructor = create_constructor_for_class(class_or_instance)
+            constructor_cache[class_or_instance] = constructor
         end
+    else
+        constructor = function(props)
+            local clone = assert(class_or_instance:Clone(), "attempt to clone a non-archivable instance")
+            return apply(clone, props)
+        end
+    end
 
     return if properties
-        then ctor(properties)
-        else ctor
+        then constructor(properties)
+        else constructor
 end
 
 type Instances = {
@@ -97,13 +102,6 @@ type function Properties(instance: type?)
     return properties
 end
 
-type AnyProps = { [any]: any }
-type Create = (
-    (Instance) -> (AnyProps) -> Instance
-) & (
-    (string, AnyProps) -> Instance
-) & (
-    <Name>(Name|keyof<Instances>) -> (Properties<index<Instances, Name>>) -> index<Instances, Name>
-)
+type Create = <Name>(Name|keyof<Instances>|"") -> (Properties<index<Instances, Name>>) -> index<Instances, Name>
 
-return (create :: any) :: Create
+return create :: Create
diff --git a/src/defaults.luau b/src/defaults.luau
index bcdabaf..77040ff 100644
--- a/src/defaults.luau
+++ b/src/defaults.luau
@@ -110,4 +110,4 @@ return {
         BorderColor3 = Color3.new(0, 0, 0),
         BorderSizePixel = 0
     }
-}
+} :: { [string]: { [string]: unknown} }
diff --git a/test/create-types.luau b/test/create-types.luau
index 3a1e6fd..b30ffd5 100644
--- a/test/create-types.luau
+++ b/test/create-types.luau
@@ -1,52 +1,8 @@
-type Pseudo = {
-    Test: number
-}
-
-type Instances = {
-    TextLabel: TextLabel,
-    TextButton: TextButton,
-    ImageLabel: ImageLabel,
-    Pseudo: Pseudo
-}
-
-type function Properties(instance: type?)
-    local properties = types.newtable()
-
-    while instance do
-        for i, v in instance:properties() do
-            local connector = v.read and v.read.tag == "table" and v.read:readproperty(types.singleton("Connect"))
-            if connector then
-                if not connector then continue end
-                local params = connector:parameters().head
-                if not params then continue end
-                local listener = params[2]
-                if not listener then continue end
-                properties:setproperty(i, types.optional(listener))
-            elseif v.write then
-                properties:setproperty(i, types.optional(types.unionof(
-                    v.write,
-                    types.newfunction({}, { head = { v.write } })
-                )))
-            end
-        end
-
-        instance = instance:readparent()
-    end
-
-    properties:setindexer(types.number, types.any)
-
-    return properties
-end
-
-local function create<Name>(name: Name | keyof<Instances>): (Properties<index<Instances, Name>>) -> index<Instances, Name>
-    return function()
-        return "" :: any
-    end
-end
-
 local vide = require "../src/"
+
 local count = vide.source(0)
-create("TextButton") { -- todo: why is `:: "TextButton"` not necessary?
+
+vide.create("TextButton") {
     BackgroundTransparency = 1,
     AnchorPoint = "bad value", -- should error
     InvalidProperty = true, -- should error
@@ -65,6 +21,7 @@ create("TextButton") { -- todo: why is `:: "TextButton"` not necessary?
 
     Activated = "bad value", -- should error
 
-    create "TextLabel" {},
+    vide.create "TextLabel" {},
+    
     function() end,
 }